Think tank Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI) has said that the US Senate's approval of a bill imposing sanctions on Russia could expose Indian exports to additional tariffs of up to 100 per cent if India continues to buy Russian crude oil. The US Senate voted overwhelmingly to approve the bipartisan Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026, which seeks to penalise Russia and major buyers of its petroleum products, including China and India, on the grounds that such trade helps finance the war in Ukraine. The bill, passed on August 7 by an 86-11 vote, would give US President Donald Trump the authority to impose tariffs of up to 100 per cent on goods from countries that rank among the five largest buyers of Russian oil and gas. The bill now returns to the House of Representatives.
GTRI said India, the second-largest buyer of Russian crude, could therefore face significant tariff exposure. Russia accounted for 30.3 per cent of India's crude oil imports in FY2026, worth $40.8 billion. According to the think tank, discounted Russian crude has helped lower India's import bill, strengthen energy security and contain inflation. Giving up these supplies under external pressure, it said, would impose significant costs on the Indian economy. At the same time, India has been substantially increasing its energy purchases from the US. American crude oil imports rose from $6.6 billion to $9.1 billion in FY2026, while India's total energy purchases from the US reached $12.5 billion. These included $1.4 billion worth of LNG, $896 million of LPG and $861 million of petroleum coke. GTRI Founder Ajay Srivastava said these figures show that Washington cannot credibly claim that India is shutting out American energy.
Srivastava said that although China buys more Russian crude than India, the country could face greater pressure from Washington because the bill gives the US president wide discretion to impose country-specific tariffs. He noted that the US has previously penalised India while sparing China. In July 2025, Washington imposed an additional 25 per cent tariff on Indian goods linked to Russian oil purchases, which was withdrawn only in February 2026. Srivastava said India should not allow tariff threats to dictate its energy policy. He said 'As long as Russian crude remains commercially attractive, India should continue buying it. Differences with Washington must be managed through firm negotiation -- not by extending unilateral concessions that raise India's energy costs and weaken its strategic autonomy'.
Explaining the provisions of the bill, GTRI said it does not automatically impose a 100 per cent tariff on India. Section 113 directs the US president to impose additional tariffs of up to 100 per cent on goods from countries that continue buying Russian crude oil or natural gas 30 days after the law takes effect and rank among the five largest buyers of Russian energy. The bill's sponsors have identified China, India, Slovakia, Hungary and Azerbaijan as the five largest buyers of Russian crude. Any additional tariffs imposed under the legislation would be added to existing US duties, including those imposed under Sections 301 and 232, as well as anti-dumping and countervailing duties.
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