With an aim to strengthen bilateral trade, India and the five-member Southern African Customs Union (SACU) - Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa - are likely to sign the terms of reference (ToRs) on August 12, 2026, to begin negotiations for a preferential trade agreement (PTA). On the sidelines of the BRICS trade and industry ministers’ meeting, Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal met South Africa’s Trade, Industry and Competition Minister Parks Tau. Goyal said the two sides discussed signing the ToRs, concluding negotiations early, strengthening bilateral trade and exploring cooperation in critical minerals, pharmaceuticals and manufacturing. In 2008, the two sides held negotiations for a proposed pact, but the talks were stuck due to market access issues.
South Africa is India’s largest trading partner in the group. Bilateral trade fell 13.55% to $15.56 billion in 2025-26 from $18 billion in 2024-25, with India recording a trade deficit of $1.55 billion. India’s key exports include vehicles and components, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, chemicals, textiles, rice, and gems and jewellery, while major imports include gold, coal, copper ore, phosphoric acid, manganese ore and aluminium. Trade with Botswana rose 21.26% to $614 million in 2025-26 from $506.33 million in 2024-25, with India recording a $278.94 million trade deficit. Diamonds remain the major commodity, while India sees export opportunities in pharmaceuticals, medical devices, tyres, agricultural equipment, digital technology and textiles.
Trade with Namibia increased 4.32% to $593 million in 2025-26 from $568.4 million in 2024-25, giving India a $105.24 million trade surplus. Mining, particularly uranium, diamonds, copper and phosphates, is a key area of mutual interest, alongside pharmaceuticals, IT, renewable energy and SMEs. Trade with Eswatini declined 54.6% to $23.69 million in 2025-26 from $52.18 million in 2024-25. Major Indian imports include iron and steel, oil and seeds, and fruits, while exports include pharmaceuticals, rubber, plastic and machinery. Trade with Lesotho fell 25% to $8.47 million in 2025-26 from $11.28 million in 2024-25. Major Indian imports include iron and steel, oil and seeds, and fruits, while exports include pharmaceuticals, rubber, plastic and machinery.
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