World Bank Group's latest report 'The State of Social Safety Nets 2015' has ranked India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee Act (MNREGA) as the world's largest public works programme, providing social security net to almost 15 percent of the country’s population.
Apart from MNREGA, India's Mid-day meal scheme has been classified as biggest school feeding programme benefiting 105 million beneficiaries, while the World Bank ranked the Janani Suraksha Yojna with 78 million beneficiaries as the top-most social security programme with conditional cash transfers. Also, it ranked the Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme as the second-largest unconditional cash transfer social security progamme in the world.
The report further stated that India is among the five middle-income countries running the world's largest social safety net programmes. It added that these largest social safety net programmes are all in middle-income countries China, India, South Africa and Ethiopia and reach over 526 million people. According to the report, the combined spending on social safety nets in 120 developing countries amounted to about $329 billion between 2010 and 2014.
The report though highlighted that a growing number of developing countries are investing in social safety nets to improve the lives and livelihoods of billions of poor and vulnerable people, yet around 55 percent of the world’s poor or 773 million people with acute needs still lack safety net coverage. Adding that it said three quarters of the poorest people in low-and lower-middle income countries, and more than one-third of the poorest people in middle-income countries, lack safety net coverage and remain at risk. It also said that the safety net programmes must be more efficient and effective to close the coverage gap.
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