The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has accorded 'in-principal' approval for 10 small finance banks that will focus on small geographies for operations but with a strong capital base. The selection of these small banks was on the basis of the recommendations from three different committees, backed by a detailed case study for each applicant, including that by an External Advisory Committee chaired by former deputy governor Usha Thorat.
Those selected includes Au Financiers, Capital Local Area Bank, Disha Microfin, Equitas Holdings, ESAF Microfinance, Janalakshmi Financial Services, RGVN (North East) Microfinance, Suryoday Micro Finance, Ujjivan Financial Services and Utkarsh Micro Finance. According to a statement by the central bank, the in-principle approval granted will be valid for 18 months to enable the applicants to comply with the requirements under the Guidelines and fulfil other conditions as may be stipulated by the RBI.
As per the RBI guidelines these new type of banks should generate at least 75% of their business from the priority sector (largely agriculture) and mainly from areas where large banks are not present. Besides, 50% of their loans should be of ticket sizes under Rs 25 lakh. The minimum paid-up equity for small finance banks is also fixed at Rs 100 crore. For small banks, promoters' initial contribution should be at least 40%, which could be brought down to 26% over the next 12 years.
The RBI has said that it has selected these applicants after three different committees contributing to the final decision. A preliminary scrutiny of all the applications involving prima facie eligibility including the ability to raise the minimum initial capital and the status of ownership and control by residents as per the Guidelines was carried out by the RBI team. The detailed scrutiny involved assessment of financial soundness, proposed business plan, fit and proper status based on due diligence reports received from the regulators, investigative agencies, banks, etc. Finally, an Internal Screening Committee (ISC), consisting of the Governor and the four Deputy Governors of the RBI thereafter examined the applications. The central bank said that an important factor was proposed reach into unbanked areas and underserved sections of the population.
In 2009, a Committee on Financial Sector Reforms under Raghuram Rajan, now the RBI governor, had examined the relevance of small banks in the Indian context. The panel felt there was sufficient change in the environment to experiment with small banks. It recommended the entry of private well-governed deposit-taking small finance banks to offset their higher risk from being geographically focussed, by requiring a higher capital and strict norms.
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