The World Bank in its report 'Stitches to Riches Apparel Employment, Trade and Economic Development in South Asia' has said that a potential 10 per cent rise in apparel prices in China, which has seen a sustained rise in its wage costs in recent years, could help India create at least 1.2 million new jobs in its labour-intensive garment industry. This could be opportunity for India to focus on apparel in productively employing its huge working-age population.
The report said that the women are expected to benefit the most as their share in the total apparel employment is much higher than their share in other industries. Even 1 per cent increase in expected wages in the textiles and apparel industry could raise the probability of women entering the labour force by 18.9 per cent. It further said that apparel manufacturing not only has a huge potential for creating jobs, particularly for the poor but also has a unique ability to attract women workers. Employed women are more likely to create positive social impact as they tend to spend their income on the health and education of children
The report suggests various measures to help increase apparel exports from India like rise in product diversity by reducing tariffs and import barriers to ease access to manmade fibers. It also suggests lower excise taxes or other incentives to develop a domestic manmade fiber industry and improving productivity by helping firms enter the formal sector and take advantage of economies of scale with less complex labour laws.
Furthermore, the report said that the potential decrease in Chinese exports presents a huge opportunity for South Asian countries, which currently account for 12 percent of global apparel exports. Though India is gaining market share, Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, and Vietnam) are outperforming all South Asian countries in overall apparel export performance, product diversity, and other non-cost related factors. The report suggested that for India to take advantage it needs to move quickly to ease barriers to the import of manmade fibers, facilitate market access and encourage foreign investment to reach more end markets, which would also yield dividends for other light manufacturers like footwear and toy.
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