Indian agri sector performed well but needs ‘re-orientation’ in backdrop of climate change: Economic Survey

31 Jan 2023 Evaluate

The Economic Survey for 2022-23 showed that Indian agriculture sector has performed well but it needs ‘re-orientation’ in the backdrop of certain challenges like adverse impacts of climate change, rising input cost, etc. The other challenges are fragmented landholdings, sub-optimal farm mechanisation, low productivity, disguised unemployment, rising input costs, etc. It further stated that the performance of the agriculture sector remains critical to growth and employment in the country, and said investment in the sector must be encouraged through an affordable, timely and inclusive approach to credit delivery.

As per the survey report, more than 75 per cent of rural female workers are employed in the agriculture sector. This implies a need to upskill and create employment for women in agriculture-related sectors such as food processing. It said ‘here, the self-help groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in shaping rural women's potential into concrete developmental outcomes of financial inclusion, livelihood diversification, and skill development’.

According to the Survey, the agriculture sector has grown at an average annual growth rate of 4.6 per cent during the last six years. It grew by 3 per cent in 2021-22 compared to 3.3 per cent in 2020-21. In recent years, India has also rapidly emerged as the net exporter of agricultural products. During 2021-22, agricultural exports reached an all-time high of $50.2 billion. It said this growth is partly attributable to good monsoon years and partly to the various reforms undertaken by the government to enhance agricultural productivity.

Policies such as Soil Health Cards, the Micro Irrigation Fund, and organic and natural farming have helped the farmers optimise resource use and reduce the cultivation cost. The promotion of Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) and the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) extension platform have empowered farmers, enhanced their resources, and enabled them to get good returns. Agri Infrastructure Fund (AIF) has supported the creation of various agriculture infrastructures. Kisan Rail exclusively caters to the movement of perishable agri-horti commodities. The Cluster Development Programme (CDP) has promoted integrated and market-led development for horticulture clusters.

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